With the addition of nine genes, the plants were able to produce psilocin and psilocybin, usually found in mushrooms; DMT from various plants; and bufotenin and 5-methoxy-DMT, compounds secreted by the Colorado river toad (Incilius alvarius).

Plants could easily be altered permanently with changes that become inheritable, but doing so could be problematic, given that the compounds produced are commonly used as recreational drugs, says Aharoni. “It’s a little bit tricky if we have it inherited, and then people will ask for seeds,” he says. “We can do it also in tomato, potato, corn.”